Bahla Fort

Bahla Fort is considered one of the greatest historical landmarks in the Sultanate of Oman and the first site to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1987. It is located in Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate, perched on a high hill amid a fertile palm oasis, which lends it natural grandeur and explains its prominent defensive role in protecting the region and securing trade routes. The fort was built in different historical phases: its oldest parts date back to pre-Islamic times, while it was later expanded, most notably during the rule of the Nabhani dynasty, who made Bahla their capital for five centuries. Covering an area of about 9,822 square meters, the fort is irregular in shape, reflecting the ingenuity of traditional defensive architecture in adapting to the natural terrain. The fort is divided into three main sections: Al-Qasbah, which formed its defensive core; Bait Al-Jabal, designed to oversee the surrounding area; and Al-Bait Al-Hadith (the Modern House), which connected its facilities. In addition, the fort includes multiple towers, sturdy walls, and spacious courtyards that once hosted daily, administrative, and military life. Surrounding the fort are the oasis walls, extending for more than 12 kilometers. Within them lie ancient mosques, Quran schools, a traditional market, and centers for the renowned pottery craft that has given Bahla global recognition. The oasis is still irrigated by the traditional aflaj system, a testament to the Omani people’s ingenuity in utilizing water resources. Today, a visit to Bahla Fort offers a rich experience that blends history, culture, and nature. Visitors can discover the spirit of the past and the beauty of authentic mud-brick architecture, embarking on a journey into eras where the fort played a pivotal role in safeguarding both heritage and community.